By Fr. Chinaka Justin Mbaeri, OSJ
As the Catholic Church prepares for the upcoming conclave to elect a new pope, it’s pertinent to understand why only cardinals under the age of 80 are eligible to vote. This rule was established by Pope Paul VI in his 1970 motu proprio “Ingravescentem aetatem” (advancing age) aiming to ensure that those participating in the election are physically and mentally capable of handling the responsibilities and rigours involved. The rule was later reaffirmed by Pope John Paul II in the 1996 apostolic constitution “Universi Dominici Gregis” (Of the Lord’s Whole Flock).
Historically, all cardinals could vote, regardless of age. However, concerns about the ability of elderly cardinals to endure the rigours of the conclave led to the implementation of the age limit. This change was first applied in the August 1978 conclave, where 15 cardinals were excluded due to age.
So, currently, Nigeria has four cardinals:
- Cardinal Francis Arinze, Prefect Emeritus of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments, born November 1, 1932 (92 years).
- Cardinal Anthony Olubunmi Okogie, Archbishop Emeritus of Lagos, born June 16, 1936 (88 years).
- Cardinal John Olorunfemi Onaiyekan, Archbishop Emeritus of Abuja, born in January 29, 1944 (81 years).
- Cardinal Peter Ebere Okpaleke, Bishop of Ekwulobia, born in March 1, 1963 (62 years).
Of these four, only Cardinal Okpaleke is under 80 and thus eligible to vote in the upcoming conclave. The other three have surpassed the age limit and, while they cannot vote, they remain esteemed members of the College of Cardinals and can participate in the general congregations leading up to the conclave (which is currently taking place).
Interestingly, while only cardinals under 80 can vote, there is no age restriction on being elected pope. Therefore, any of the Nigerian cardinals could, in theory, be chosen as the next pope, although the likelihood is slim. This possibility reflects the universal nature of the Church and the openness of the papal election process.
As the conclave approaches, we are encouraged to pray for the guidance of the Holy Spirit in choosing a pope who will lead the Church with wisdom, compassion, and a deep commitment to the teachings of Christ.
Shalom!
Fr. Chinaka Justin Mbaeri, OSJ
