By Prof Oyewole Sarumi
The debate over corporal punishment in schools has been a contentious issue globally, with opinions sharply divided between those who advocate for its abolition and those who argue for its retention as a necessary tool for discipline. In Africa, this debate takes on a unique cultural, religious, and socio-economic dimension.
The recent decision by the Lagos State Government to ban corporal punishment in schools has sparked a heated discussion among educators, policymakers, and parents.
Critics argue that the ban is an uncritical adoption of Western values that may not be suitable for the African context.
This article seeks to defend the use of corporal punishment in African schools, drawing on cultural, religious, and psychological arguments, while also providing recommendations for its regulated and responsible use.
Defining Corporal Punishment
Corporal punishment refers to the use of physical force to cause pain, but not injury, as a means of disciplining or correcting a child’s behaviour. This can include actions such as spanking, caning, or paddling. The intent behind corporal punishment is not to harm the child but to correct undesirable behaviour and instil discipline.
It is important to distinguish between corporal punishment and physical abuse. The former is administered in a controlled manner with the aim of correction, while the latter is often violent, uncontrolled, and intended to cause harm.
African Cultural & Parental Ways of Discipline and Correction
In many African societies, discipline is deeply rooted in cultural practices and parental responsibilities.
Traditional African parenting often involves a combination of verbal reprimands, physical punishment, and moral instruction. The African proverb, “Spare the rod and spoil the child,” is widely cited to justify the use of corporal punishment as a necessary tool for instilling discipline.
In many communities, parents and elders are seen as the primary disciplinarians, and their methods are generally accepted as effective and appropriate.
The communal nature of African societies also plays a significant role in child-rearing practices. In many cultures, it is not uncommon for extended family members, neighbours, or even teachers to discipline a child.
This collective approach to discipline underscores the importance of maintaining social order and respect for authority.
The use of corporal punishment in this context is seen to reinforce societal norms and values, ensuring that children grow up to be respectful and law-abiding citizens.
The Holy Books Support Corporal Punishment
Religious teachings also play a significant role in shaping attitudes towards corporal punishment in Africa.
Both the Bible and the Quran contain passages that support the use of physical discipline as a means of correcting a child’s behaviour. In the Christian tradition, Proverbs 13:24 states, “Whoever spares the rod hates their children, but the one who loves their children is careful to discipline them.”
Similarly, in Islam, the Quran encourages parents to discipline their children in a manner that is firm but fair. These religious teachings are often cited by parents and educators as justification for the use of corporal punishment.
It is important to note that both religious texts emphasize the importance of administering discipline with love and care. The intent is not to cause harm but to guide the child towards the right path.
This religious backing provides a strong moral foundation for the use of corporal punishment in African societies, where religion plays a central role in daily life.
The Benefits of Corporal Punishment
Proponents of corporal punishment argue that it has several benefits, particularly in the African context. Firstly, it serves as an immediate and effective deterrent to undesirable behaviour. When a child knows that certain actions will result in physical consequences, they are more likely to avoid those actions.
This is particularly important in a school setting, where maintaining order and discipline is essential for effective learning.
Secondly, corporal punishment can help to instil a sense of responsibility and accountability in children. By experiencing the consequences of their actions, children learn to take responsibility for their behaviour and understand the importance of adhering to rules and regulations. This is a valuable life lesson that can help them navigate the challenges of adulthood.
Thirdly, corporal punishment can be a tool for reinforcing societal norms and values. In many African societies, respect for authority, elders, and communal values is highly prized. Corporal punishment can serve as a means of reinforcing these values, ensuring that children grow up to be respectful and law-abiding citizens.
Finally, corporal punishment can be a way of showing love and concern for a child’s well-being. When administered correctly, it sends a clear message that the parent or teacher cares enough about the child to correct their behaviour. This can help to build a strong and trusting relationship between the child and the disciplinarian.
Recommendation for Educators, Policymakers, and Education Administrators
While the benefits of corporal punishment are clear, it is equally important to ensure that it is administered in a responsible and regulated manner. The following recommendations are offered to educators, policymakers, and education administrators:
1. Training and Certification: Only well-trained and mentally sound teachers should be allowed to administer corporal punishment. Training programs should be developed to equip teachers with the skills and knowledge needed to administer corporal punishment in a safe and effective manner. Certification should be required to ensure that only qualified individuals are allowed to use this form of discipline.
2. Clear Guidelines and Policies: Schools should develop clear guidelines and policies on the use of corporal punishment. These guidelines should outline the types of behaviour that warrant corporal punishment, the methods that can be used, and the limits that must be observed. Policies should also include provisions for monitoring and evaluating the use of corporal punishment to ensure that it is not being abused.
3. Parental Involvement: Parents should be involved in the decision-making process regarding the use of corporal punishment in schools. Schools should hold regular meetings with parents to discuss disciplinary policies and obtain their input and consent. This will help to ensure that parents are supportive of the school’s approach to discipline and that there is a shared understanding of the goals and methods of corporal punishment.
4. Alternative Disciplinary Measures: While corporal punishment can be an effective tool for discipline, it should not be the only option available to educators. Schools should also explore alternative disciplinary measures, such as counselling, positive reinforcement, and restorative justice practices. These methods can be used in conjunction with corporal punishment to provide a more holistic approach to discipline.
5. Monitoring and Evaluation: Schools should establish mechanisms for monitoring and evaluating the use of corporal punishment. This can include regular reviews of disciplinary records, feedback from students and parents, and assessments of the impact of corporal punishment on student behaviour and academic performance. Any incidents of abuse or misuse should be promptly addressed and appropriate action taken.
6. Legal Framework: Policymakers should develop a legal framework that regulates the use of corporal punishment in schools. This framework should include provisions for the protection of children’s rights, as well as guidelines for the responsible use of corporal punishment. The legal framework should also include penalties for those who abuse or misuse corporal punishment
Conclusion
The decision by the Lagos State Government to ban corporal punishment in schools has sparked a heated debate about the role of physical discipline in education. While the ban may be well-intentioned, it fails to consider the cultural, religious, and socio-economic realities of African societies.
Corporal punishment, when administered responsibly and in moderation, can be an effective tool for instilling discipline and reinforcing societal values. Rather than abolishing corporal punishment altogether, policymakers and educators should focus on developing guidelines and policies that ensure its responsible use.
By doing so, we can strike a balance between maintaining discipline and protecting the rights and well-being of our children. In the end, the goal should be to raise disciplined, respectful, and responsible citizens who are equipped to contribute positively to society.
