Paying for Darkness: Tariff Bands, Estimated Billing and the Crisis of Accountability By Adesegun Olutayo Osibanjo Beyond Generation: A Systemic Failure Nigeria’s Electricity crisis extends beyond inadequate generation. It reflects systemic failures across Gas supply, Generation, transmission, distribution, metering, billing and regulation. Households and businesses endure erratic supply while consumers, particularly those without functioning meters, receive bills they may be unable to verify against the electricity actually consumed. An effective Electricity market must deliver dependable Power, transparent billing and enforceable Consumer protection. Revenue collection without commensurate service accountability is not efficiency. The Electricity Act 2023 provides a framework for State Electricity markets following the Constitutional amendment. However, establishing State Electricity laws and Regulatory commissions does not automatically guarantee effective regulation. Operational capacity, clear jurisdictional arrangements, transparent performance reporting and enforcement are essential. Gas, Generation and Transmission: Fix the Entire Value Chain Nigeria possesses substantial natural Gas resources, yet production, processing, transportation infrastructure, payment challenges and competing demand constrain Gas-fired generation. These bottlenecks require coordinated investment, resolution of verified payment arrears and reliable Gas-delivery arrangements. Installed Generation capacity must not be confused with available capacity or Electricity actually delivered. Existing facilities require appropriate maintenance and rehabilitation, while new generation must be matched with fuel availability and adequate transmission and distribution infrastructure. Transmission investment must likewise respond to verified network constraints, loading, losses, evacuation limitations and growing demand. Without coordinated planning across the value chain, additional generation cannot guarantee improved electricity at consumers’ premises. Mowe–Ibafo: An Economic Corridor in the Dark The Mowe–Ibafo corridor along the Lagos–Ibadan Expressway supports residential communities, businesses, logistics, agriculture and other economic activities. Yet, affected communities are subjected to a two-days-on, two-days-off electricity supply schedule—an indefensible aberration in this day and age. Rather than resolve the infrastructure and operational failures responsible for inadequate supply, this arrangement normalises alternating periods of Electricity access and deprivation. The situation becomes even more distressing when a line fault occurs, potentially leaving affected communities without electricity for at least five days. Businesses struggle to sustain production, refrigeration and trading, while households and enterprises incur additional costs for generators, fuel and alternative power. These recurring burdens undermine livelihoods, productivity, investment and economic development. IBEDC deserves strong condemnation for sustaining this unacceptable schedule while continuing to impose substantial Electricity bills on Communities enduring prolonged periods without supply. Electricity distribution cannot be reduced to revenue collection while service delivery remains inadequate. Consumers should not bear the combined burden of unreliable supply, extended fault-related outages, alternative Energy costs and bills they cannot adequately verify. The Transmission Company of Nigeria (TCN), relevant system operators, IBEDC and the Ogun State Government must urgently investigate the constraints affecting the corridor and publish a coordinated, time-bound improvement plan covering the necessary transmission, Substation and distribution investments. IBEDC must disclose feeder-level supply and outage records, fault-response and restoration times, the basis for sustaining the schedule, and the measures required to end it. Businesses increasingly turning to private and alternative Electricity arrangements to remain operational may face higher Energy costs, while DisCos risk losing customers and demand. IBEDC should disclose the extent of these losses and explain what it will do to restore consumer confidence. This schedule must not become an accepted or permanent feature of Electricity distribution in modern Nigeria. Tariff Bands: Different Prices, Unequal Realities The service-based tariff framework specifies minimum daily supply commitments of 20 hours for Band A, 16 hours for Band B, 12 hours for Band C, eight hours for Band D and four hours for Band E. These are service obligations, not merely classifications for determining tariffs. From my direct experience, the arrangement creates a strong commercial incentive for Distribution companies (DisCos) to prioritise higher-tariff customers, particularly those in Bands A and B, where reliable supply generates greater revenue. Meanwhile, Consumers in lower bands may remain exposed to erratic Electricity and estimated billing. This imbalance allows DisCos to maximise commercial returns without demonstrating equivalent service accountability across their customer base. The answer is not to reduce supply to consumers enjoying better service, but to extend reliable Electricity to all customers and enforce the obligations attached to every tariff band. The Minister’s Freezer Remark: Two Different Realities On 16 September 2026, the Minister of Power, Joseph Olasunkanmi Tegbe, reportedly described Communities experiencing improved Electricity after prolonged deprivation. Speaking at the commissioning of a 3-megawatt Solar Hybrid Power Project at Yakubu Gowon University, Abuja, he said: …
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